Amateka y'amabati ya aluminiyumu
Amacupa yo gupfunyikamo inzoga n'ibinyobwa afite amateka y'imyaka irenga 70. Mu ntangiriro za 1930, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatangiye gukora amacupa y'icyuma y'inzoga. Aka gacupa k'ibice bitatu gakozwe mu cyuma cy'icyuma. Igice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri w'ikigega gifite ishusho nk'iy'umuhondo, naho igice cyo hejuru gifite umupfundikizo w'icupa gifite ishusho nk'iy'ikamba. Isura yacyo muri rusange ntabwo itandukanye cyane n'iy'amacupa y'ibirahure, bityo umurongo w'icupa ry'ibirahure wakoreshejwe mu kuzuza mu ntangiriro. Kugeza mu myaka ya 1950 ni bwo umurongo w'icupa wagenewe kuzuza wabonetse. Umupfundikizo w'icupa wahindutse imiterere irambuye hagati mu myaka ya 1950, uvugururwa uba umupfundikizo w'impeta ya aluminiyumu mu myaka ya 1960.
Amacupa y'ibinyobwa bya aluminiyumu yagaragaye mbere mu mpera za 1950, kandi amacupa abiri ya DWI yasohotse ku mugaragaro mu ntangiriro za 1960. Iterambere ry'amacupa ya aluminiyumu ririhuta cyane. Mu mpera z'iki kinyejana, ikoreshwa ry'umwaka ryageze kuri miliyari zirenga 180, ari na ryo tsinda rinini mu macupa y'ibyuma ku isi (hafi miliyari 400). Ikoreshwa rya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu gukora amacupa ya aluminiyumu naryo ririmo kwiyongera cyane. Mu 1963, ryari hafi ya zeru. Mu 1997, ryageze kuri toni miliyoni 3.6, bingana na 15% by'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bitandukanye bya aluminiyumu ku isi.
Ikoranabuhanga mu gukora amabati ya aluminiyumu ryakomeje kunozwa.
Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, ikoranabuhanga mu gukora amabati ya aluminiyumu ryakomeje kunozwa. Uburemere bw'amabati ya aluminiyumu bwaragabanutse cyane. Mu ntangiriro za 1960, uburemere bwa buri mabati igihumbi ya aluminiyumu (harimo n'umubiri w'ibati n'umupfundikizo) bwageze kuri ibiro 55 (hafi ibiro 25), naho hagati mu myaka ya 1970 bwaragabanutse bugera kuri ibiro 44.8 (25 kg). Ibiro, byagabanutse bigera kuri ibiro 15 mu mpera za 1990, none ubu byagabanutse bigera kuri ibiro biri munsi ya 30, ni ukuvuga hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibyo mu myaka 40 ishize. Mu myaka 20 kuva mu 1975 kugeza mu 1995, umubare w'amabati ya aluminiyumu (ibiro 12 by'uburemere) yakozwe muri ikiro 1 cya aluminiyumu wiyongereyeho 35%. Byongeye kandi, nk'uko imibare y'isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ALCOA ibigaragaza, ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu byasabwaga kuri buri macupa igihumbi ya aluminiyumu byagabanutse kuva kuri pound 25.8 mu 1988 bigera kuri pound 22.5 mu 1998 hanyuma bigabanuka bigera kuri pound 22.3 mu 2000. Amasosiyete y'Abanyamerika akora amacupa yakomeje gutera imbere mu mashini zifunga n'izindi koranabuhanga, bityo ubunini bw'amacupa ya aluminiyumu muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwaragabanutse cyane, kuva kuri mm 0.343 mu 1984 kugera kuri mm 0.285 mu 1992 na mm 0.259 mu 1998.
Iterambere ryoroheje mu mipfundikizo y'amacupa ya aluminiyumu naryo riragaragara. Ubunini bw'imipfundikizo y'amacupa ya aluminiyumu bwagabanutse kuva kuri mm 039 mu ntangiriro za 1960 kugera kuri mm 0.36 mu myaka ya 1970, kuva kuri mm 0.28 kugera kuri mm 0.30 mu 1980, no kugera kuri mm 0.24 hagati mu myaka ya 1980. Umurambararo w'umupfundikizo w'amacupa nawo waragabanutse. Uburemere bw'imipfundikizo y'amacupa bwakomeje kugabanuka. Mu 1974, uburemere bw'amacupa igihumbi ya aluminiyumu bwari ibiro 13, mu 1980 bwagabanutse kugera kuri pound 12, mu 1984 bwagabanutse kugera kuri pound 11, mu 1986 bwagabanutse kugera kuri pound 10, naho mu 1990 na 1992 bwagabanutse kugera kuri pound 9 n'ibiro 9. Ibiro 8, byagabanutse bigera kuri ibiro 6.6 mu 2002. Umuvuduko wo gukora amacupa wariyongereye cyane, uva kuri 650-1000cpm (ku munota gusa) mu myaka ya 1970 ugera kuri 1000-1750cpm mu myaka ya 1980 n'ubu urenga 2000cpm.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-28-2021